Recombination and insertion events involving the botulinum neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F and Clostridium butyricum type E strains |
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| Authors: | Karen K Hill Gary Xie Brian T Foley Theresa J Smith Amy C Munk David Bruce Leonard A Smith Thomas S Brettin John C Detter |
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| Institution: | (1) Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545 Los Alamos, NM, USA;(2) DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545 Los Alamos, NM, USA;(3) Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545 Los Alamos, NM, USA;(4) Integrated Toxicology Division, United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 21702 Fort Detrick, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | Background
Clostridium botulinum is a taxonomic designation for at least four diverse species that are defined by the expression of one (monovalent) or two
(bivalent) of seven different C. botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs, A-G). The four species have been classified as C. botulinum Groups I-IV. The presence of bont genes in strains representing the different Groups is probably the result of horizontal transfer of the toxin operons between
the species. |
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