Evaluating <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theobroma grandiflorum</Emphasis> for comparative genomic studies with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theobroma cacao</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | David N Kuhn Antonio Figueira Uilson Lopes Juan Carlos Motamayor Alan W Meerow Kathleen Cariaga Barbie Freeman III" target="_blank">Donald S LivingstoneIII Raymond J Schnell |
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Institution: | 1.USDA-ARS SHRS,Miami,33158,USA;2.Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura,Universidade de Sao Paulo,Sao Paulo,Brazil;3.Mars Center for Cocoa Science,Itajuípe,Brazil;4.Mars, Inc.,Hackettstown,USA |
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Abstract: | The seeds of Theobroma cacao (cacao) are the source of cocoa, the raw material for the multi-billion dollar chocolate industry. Cacao’s two most important
traits are its unique seed storage triglyceride (cocoa butter) and the flavor of its fermented beans (chocolate). The genome
of T. cacao is being sequenced, and to expand the utility of the genome sequence to the improvement of cacao, we are evaluating Theobroma grandiflorum, the closest economically important species of Theobroma for its potential use in a comparative genomic study. T. grandiflorum differs from cacao in important agronomic traits such as flavor of the fermented beans, disease resistance to witches’ broom
and abscission of mature fruits. By comparing genomic sequences and analyzing viable inter-specific hybrids, we hope to identify
the key genes that regulate cacao’s most important traits. We have investigated the utility in T. grandiflorum of three types of markers (microsatellite markers, single-strand conformational polymorphism markers and single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) markers) developed in cacao. Through sequencing of amplicons of 12 diverse individuals of both cacao and
T. grandiflorum, we have identified new intra- and inter-specific SNPs. Two markers which had no overlap of alleles between the species were
used to genotype putative inter-specific hybrid seedlings. Sequence conservation was significant and species-specific differences
numerous enough to suggest that comparative genomics of T. grandiflorum and T. cacao will be useful in elucidating the genetic differences that lead to a variety of important agronomic trait differences. |
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