Spontaneous brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potential biomarker in neuropsychiatric disorders |
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Authors: | Yuan Zhou Kun Wang Yong Liu Ming Song Sonya W Song Tianzi Jiang |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Social and Economic Behavior, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;(2) LIAMA Center for Computational Medicine, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China;(3) Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People’s Republic of China; |
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Abstract: | As functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have yielded increasing amounts of information about the brain’s spontaneous
activity, they have revealed fMRI’s potential to locate changes in brain hemodynamics that are associated with neuropsychiatric
disorders. In this paper, we review studies that support the notion that changes in brain spontaneous activity observed by
fMRI can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment evaluation in neuropsychiatric disorders. We first review
the methods used to study spontaneous activity from the perspectives of (1) the properties of local spontaneous activity,
(2) the spatial pattern of spontaneous activity, and (3) the topological properties of brain networks. We also summarize the
major findings associated with major neuropsychiatric disorders obtained using these methods. Then we review the pilot studies
that have used spontaneous activity to discriminate patients from normal controls. Finally, we discuss current challenges
and potential research directions to further elucidate the clinical use of spontaneous brain activity in neuropsychiatric
disorders. |
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Keywords: | Resting-state fMRI Low frequency fluctuation Functional connectivity Alzheimer’s disease Schizophrenia |
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