Molecular and Biochemical Diagnosis of Esterase-Mediated Pyrethroid Resistance in a Mexican Strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) |
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Authors: | Felix D. Guerrero John H. Pruett Andrew Y. Li |
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Affiliation: | (1) USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028, USA |
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Abstract: | We examined pyrethroid resistant Mexican strains of Boophilus microplus using biochemical and molecular tests to determine the mechanisms conferring resistance. Permethrin hydrolysis assays and esterase activity gels indicated enhanced esterase-mediated metabolic detoxification in the Cz strain, while one other pyrethroid resistant strain, SF, and two pyrethroid susceptible strains had lower levels of permethrin hydrolysis. Results from assays using a PCR-based test to detect a pyrethroid target site resistance-associated mutation in the tick sodium channel gene found only low levels of mutations in the Cz strain, while the SF strain had a high level of the mutated sodium channel alleles. A specific esterase, designated CzEst9, believed to be responsible for the esterase-mediated pyrethroid resistance in the Cz strain was purified, and the gene encoding CzEst9 cloned. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | pyrethroid resistance mechanism sodium channel mutation polymerase chain reaction diagnostic assay metabolic esterase |
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