Tree diversity in primary forest and different land use systems in Central Sulawesi,Indonesia |
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Authors: | Michael?Kessler author-information" > author-information__contact u-icon-before" > mailto:.@compuserve.com" title=" .@compuserve.com" itemprop=" email" data-track=" click" data-track-action=" Email author" data-track-label=" " >Email author,Paul?J.A.?Ke?ler,S.?Robbert?Gradstein,Kerstin?Bach,Michaela?Schmull,Ramadhanil?Pitopang |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany;(2) National Herbarium of the Netherlands, University of Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands;(3) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tadulako, Kampus Bumi Tondo, Palu, Sulteng, Indonesia |
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Abstract: | We studied the tree communities in primary forest and three different land use systems (forest gardens, ca. 5-year-old secondary forests, cacao plantations) at 900–1200 m elevation in the environs of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. The primary forests had ca. 150 tree species 10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) per hectare, which is unusually high for forests at this elevation in southeast Asia. Basal area in the primary forest was 140 m2 ha–1, one of the highest values ever recorded in tropical forests worldwide. Tree species richness declined gradually from primary forest to forest gardens, secondary forests, and cacao plantations. This decline was paralleled by shifts in tree family composition, with Lauraceae, Meliaceae, and Euphorbiaceae being predominant in primary forests, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Myristicaeae dominating in the forest gardens and Euphorbiaceae, Urticaceae, and Ulmaceae in the secondary forests. Cacao plantations were composed almost exclusively of cacao trees and two species of legume shade trees. Forest gardens further differed from primary forests by a much lower density of understorey trees, while secondary forests had fewer species of commercial interest. Comparative studies of birds and butterflies demonstrated parallel declines of species richness, showing the importance of trees in structuring tropical forest habitats and in providing resources. |
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Keywords: | Cacao plantation Fallow Forest garden Lore Lindu National Park Primary forest Secondary forest Species richness Sulawesi Tree diversity |
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