Systemic changes in body structure of 17–18-year-old schoolboys

The purpose of this study was to assess the systemic structural changes in the body build of 17-18-year-old schoolboys in the final years of Tartu secondary schools within a height-weight classification dividing anthropometric variables into 5 SD-classes. Weight and height, 9 length, 8 breadth and 2 depth measurements, 16 circumferences and 12 skinfolds were measured. From these 5 length measurements and 53 indices were computed, which characterise the ratios of various parts of the body to body height, to upper and lower limbs' length and body composition. The subjects (n = 253) were divided into five standard deviation classes according to height and weight (Kaarma 1981, 1995). In the first three classes height and weight were proportional: (1) small height--small weight, (2) medium height--medium weight and (3) big height--big weight. In the fourth and the fifth class height and weight were non-proportional. In the fourth class weight was preponderant over height, and in the fifth class height was preponderant over weight. It was proved that a statistical difference exists between the opposite classes--the fourth and the fifth class. It was also revealed that the three proportional classes differ from each other significantly. Increase in body height and weight leads also to an increase in length, breadth and depth measurements, bone thicknesses, circumferences and skinfolds. Rohrer index, body mass index, total percentage of fat by Siri, absolute and relative mass of fat tissue increased from the small to the large class. The relationship of the length, width, and depth measurements, circumferences and bone thicknesses to height remains almost unchanged throughout the proportional classes. These investigations support the position that the whole body model may be reconstructed from body height and weight.