双孔钾通道TREK-1结构、分布、调控因素及其抗癫痫作用的研究进展

钾离子通道是最大最复杂的离子通道家族,迄今为止在人类基因组中共克隆出了70余种钾离子通道亚型,其中双孔钾离子通道是近年来新发现的一类钾离子通道亚家族,它们在结构上与电压依赖性钾通道、钙激活钾通道,内向整流型钾通道等传统的单孔钾离子通道差异很大。双孔钾离子通道,具有4个跨膜片段,形成独特的2个孔道结构域,主要介导背景钾电流。由于其介导背景钾电流而参与并维持静息膜电位形成等重要生理作用而备受关注。近年来研究最多的双孔钾通道TREK-1几乎表达于机体的每一个细胞,可被细胞内酸度、膜牵张、多不饱和脂肪酸、温度、受体偶联第二信使系统调控,调节细胞兴奋性,参与一系列生理、病理过程,与神经系统疾病如癫痫密切相关,本文就此做一综述。

Research Progress about the Molecular Structure and Tissue Distribution and Regulation of TREK-1 and the Role of Anti-epileptic

Potassium channel is the largest and most complex family of ion channels.S o far,more than 70 kinds of potassium ion channel subtypes have been cloned,in which the two pore domain potassium channels are discovered in recent years.They are different from traditional single potassium ion channel such as voltage dependent potassium channel,calcium activated potassium channel,and inward rectifier potassium channels etc in structure.Two pore domain potassium channel,with four transmembrane segments,formed a unique domain two channel structure,mainly mediatesbackground potassium current.Due to this characteristic,two pore domain potassium channel participates and maintains resting membrane potential.Therefore,it becomes the focus of attention.In recent years,the most studiedTREK- 1expresses in almost every cell of the body.It can be controlled by intracellular acidity,membrane stretch,polyunsaturated fatty acid,temperature,and receptor coupled second messenger system.And it regulates cell excitability,participates in a series of physiological and pathological process,and is closely related to nervous system diseases such as epilepsy.This article makes a brief introduction.