不同地区青檀叶片的解剖及表皮特征的比较研究

采用石蜡切片技术和叶表皮离析法,对我国8个省共15个居群的青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.)叶片特征进行了比较和分析.研究发现:各居群的栅栏组织细胞层数多数为2层,显示出一定的稳定性,但不同居群的叶片横切面解剖特征存在显著性差异.叶片上表皮细胞有多边形和不规则形两种类型,而下表皮细胞均为不规则形.上表皮细胞垂周壁为平直形、圆形、浅波形或深波形,差异较明显,下表皮细胞垂周壁则仅有深波形和浅波形两种.叶表皮毛的分布位置在各居群间不同,而表皮毛的类型在居群间稳定,且在多数居群中表皮毛与周围细胞形成花环结构.各居群的气孔器类型均为不规则型且均仅在下表皮随机分布,但气孔器的密度、大小等特征在不同居群间存在显著性差异.生境地的气候因子对青檀叶的特征产生一定的影响.结果表明:青檀叶的解剖特征在不同居群间差异性较大,青檀叶表皮的气孔密度等特征在居群间有一定差异,而气孔器类型和表皮细胞形状等特征较稳定,有一定的分类学价值.

Leaf Comparation on Anatomical Structure and Epidermal Characteristics of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. in Different Areas

The leaves from fifteen populations of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. in eight provinces of China were compared and analyzed by the paraffin method and leaf epidermal maceration. Results showed that there were significant differences between leaf anatomical characteristics of populations, and the palisade tissue cell generally formed two layers. The shapes of the adaxial epidermal cells were polygonal or irregular, while abaxial epidermal cells were irregular. There were many types of anticlinal walls of adaxial surfaces, including flat, round,and shallow and deep wavy. Wavy was the only shape found in anticlinal walls of abaxial surfaces. Distribution of the epidermal hairs in these populations was significantly different,while the types of epidermal hair showed the stabilization in all populations,and the epidermal hair formed floral hoops with cells all around them in most populations. The types of stomatal apparatus in all the populations were irregular,and the stomatal apparatus was only found on the abaxial surface with a random distribution. Characteristics such as size and density of stomatal apparatus were different in these populations. There was a certain correlation between climate factors and the features of leaves from different populations. These results showed that the differences in ana- tomical structure of leaves from different populations were diverse. Leaf epidermal characteristics such as density of stomatal apparatus were also different,while the types of stomatal apparatus and shapes of epidermal hair in different populations showed stabilization, which may be regarded as evidence for the division of the species.