生计资本对国家重点生态功能区农户受偿意愿的影响

国家重点生态功能区财政转移支付虽覆盖全部地区，但其补偿资金主要用于生态修复成本与基本公共服务开支，缺少对外围农户受偿意愿的关注。基于阿尔泰山地森林草原生态功能区的553份农户调查数据，利用CVM法、Heckman两阶段选择模型对农户生态补偿参与意愿和受偿水平以及影响因素进行分析，为国家重点生态功能区面向农户出台生态补偿政策提供参考依据。研究结果表明：(1)调查区域85.53%的农户具有较强受偿需求，这一意愿具有生计方式、收入层次以及流域差异，经Heckman期望值估计方法调整后，农户受偿水平为1250.5元户^-1 a^-1。(2)自然资本中人均耕地面积对补偿参与意愿和受偿水平都具有正向影响，人均草场面积显著正向影响农户受偿水平；人力资本中劳动力比重对农户受偿水平具有正向影响；物质资本中，牲畜存栏量与受偿水平呈显著的负相关，生产性工具对补偿参与意愿和受偿水平都具有正向影响；金融资本中家庭总收入显著负向影响农户受偿水平，是否为脱贫巩固户身份对农户补偿参与意愿有正向影响；社会资本中汉语水平与农户参与意愿呈显著正相关，是否常去村级文化中心正向影响农户受...

Impact of livelihood capital on farmers' willingness to receive compensation in national key ecological function areas

Although the financial transfer payment of the national key ecological functional zones covers all regions in China, the compensation funds remain in the necessary ecological restoration costs and basic public services. There is a lack of attention to the willingness of peripheral farmers to receive compensation. In this paper, based on survey data of 553 farmers in the Altai mountain forest grassland ecological functional zones, contingent evaluation method and Heckman two-stage selection model were used to analyze the farmers'' willingness to participate in ecological compensation, compensation level, and influencing factors, which could provide a reference for the national key ecological functional zones to introduce ecological compensation policies for farmers. The results showed that:(1) 85.53% of the farmers in the survey area had strong demand for compensation, which was based on the difference of livelihood, income level, and river basin. After adjustment by Heckman expected value estimation method, the farmers'' compensation level was 1250.5 yuan/(household · year). (2) Per capita cultivated land area in natural capital had a positive impact on the willingness to participate in compensation and the level of compensation, and Per capita grassland area significantly positively affected the compensation level of farmers. The proportion of labor in human capital had a positive effect on the compensation level of farmers. In material capital, There was a significant negative correlation between the number of livestock stocks and the compensation level, while productive tools had a positive effect on participation intention and compensation level. The total household income in financial capital significantly negatively affected the compensation level of farmers, and whether it was poverty alleviation to consolidate household status had a positive impact on farmers'' willingness to participate in compensation. There was a significant positive correlation between Chinese proficiency and farmers'' participation intention in social capital, and whether they often went to village-level cultural centers had a positive effect on farmers'' compensation level. (3) In ecological perception, the change of rainfall frequency had a significant negative effect on farmers'' participation intention and compensation level. The change of water source flow and the importance of forest were negatively correlated with the compensation level of farmers. There was a significant positive correlation between grassland importance and farmers'' participation intention. Among individual characteristics, age and gender had significant negative effects on the compensation level of farmers. The householder status had a significant positive influence on the compensation level of farmers. Therefore, in order to obtain extensive support from peripheral micro interest groups for the national key ecological functional zone policy, from the perspective of livelihood capital, we should dynamically monitor the losses of farmers caused by the intensity of prohibition of priority protection units and key control units, and formulate compensation standards based on this. We will accelerate the introduction of a compensation plan for farmers'' livelihood restrictions in the Altai Mountain forest and grassland ecological functional zones.