准噶尔盆地荒漠景观不同地貌类型鼠、蚤多样性及分布特征

为揭示鼠、蚤空间分布特征与变化规律，本研究以准噶尔盆地鼠疫自然疫源地为靶区，基于鼠类和蚤类的样点采集数据，计算不同地貌的鼠、蚤生态学指标并分析其相关性。基于不同行政区生态学指标计算结果，借助Moran′s I指数、重心模型、标准差椭圆等分析方法探究不同行政区鼠、蚤生态学指标的聚类特征，开展鼠、蚤的空间分布特征及变化规律的相关研究。结果表明：(1)通过对不同地貌鼠、蚤生态指标的研究，可得出鼠、蚤的物种多样性和生态优势度呈负相关，表明在物种多样性较高的群落中，鼠、蚤生态优势度表现不明显。鼠类物种多样性较高的地貌类型与蚤类物种多样性呈正相关，证实鼠类(宿主)物种数量增加，蚤类(寄生)物种的数量也在增加。低海拔地区鼠、蚤群落的相似性总体上大于中海拔地区群落相似性，且相似性系数q值与Cody指数呈相反变化趋势；(2)不同鼠、蚤指标单变量Moran′s I指数表明，鼠类数量、子午沙鼠数量、蚤类均匀度的全局Moran′s I指数大于0,且P值小于0.05,表现出空间集聚现象。单变量局部空间自相关分析结果表明，部分鼠、蚤指标存在多种聚类模式，其中最为典型的聚类模式是高—高聚类模式。不同鼠、蚤指标双变量...

Study on Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Rodents and Fleas in Different Landforms of Desert Landscape in Junggar Basin

In order to reveal the characteristic and change spatial distribution of rodents and fleas in Junggar Basin, this study took the plague natural foci in Junggar Basin as the target area and calculated the ecological indexes of rodents and fleas in different geomorphic types based on the data collected from rodents and fleas samples. Based on the calculation results of ecological indicators in different administrative regions, Moran''s I index, center of gravity model, ellipse of standard deviation and other analysis methods were used to explore the clustering characteristics of ecological indicators of rodents and fleas in different administrative regions and to conduct relevant research on the characteristic and change spatial distribution patterns of rodents and fleas. The results showed that:(1) With the ecological indicators analysis of rodents and fleas in different geomorphic types, the species diversity and ecological dominance of rodents and fleas were negatively correlated, indicating that the ecological dominance of rodents and fleas was not obvious in communities with high species diversity; geomorphy that favors rodent species diversity was positively correlated with flea species diversity, confirming that the number of flea (parasite) species was increasing if the number of rodent (host) species was increasing;; the similarity of rodent and flea communities in the low altitude area was greater than that in the middle altitude area, and the similarity coefficient q was opposite to Cody index.; (2) In the spatial clustering analysis of different rodents and fleas indicators, the univariate Moran''s I index of the number of rodents, the number of meriones meridianus, and the evenness of fleas was greater than 0, and the P value was less than 0.05, showing a spatial clustering pattern. Univariate local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there were various clustering patterns for some rodent and flea indicators, among which the most typical clustering pattern was high-high clustering pattern. The bivariate Moran''s I index of different rodents and fleas indicators were greater than 0, indicating that the ecological indicators of rodents might affect the ecological indicators of fleas; (3) After the spatial distribution difference of the same ecological indicators between rodents and fleas was compared with the method of center of gravity transfer and standard deviation ellipse, the distribution ranges of the evenness of rodents and fleas and the ecological dominance of rodents and fleas showed similarity, and the standard deviation ellipse of rodents was more westerly than that of fleas. In conclusion, this study can provide reference for the prevention of plague in the natural foci of plague in Junggar Basin.