PEG as a tool to gain insight into membrane fusion |
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Authors: | Barry R Lentz |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA |
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Abstract: | Thirty years ago, Klaus Arnold and others showed that the action of PEG in promoting cell–cell fusion was not due to such
effects as surface absorption, cross-linking, solubilization, etc. Instead PEG acted simply by volume exclusion, resulting
in an osmotic force driving membranes into close contact in a dehydrated region. This simple observation, based on a number
of physical measurements and the use of PEG-based detergents that insert into membranes, spawned several important areas of
research. One such area is the use of PEG to bring membranes into contact so that the role of different lipids and fusion
proteins in membrane fusion can be examined in detail. We have summarized here insights into the fusion mechanism that have
been obtained by this approach. This evidence indicates that fusion of model membranes (and probably cell membranes) occurs
via severely bent lipidic structures formed at the point of sufficiently close contact between membranes of appropriate lipid
composition. This line of research has also suggested that fusion proteins seem to catalyze fusion in part by reducing the
free energy of hydrophobic interstices inherent to the lipidic fusion intermediate structures.
Dedicated to Prof. K. Arnold on the occasion of his 65th birthday. |
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