| 膜翅目寄生蜂的互补性别决定机制及其在生防上的意义(英文) |
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| 引用本文： | 伍志山,Keith R. Hopper,Paul J. Ode,Roger W. Fuester,陈家骅,George E.Heimpel. 膜翅目寄生蜂的互补性别决定机制及其在生防上的意义(英文)[J]. Entomologia Sinica, 2003, 0(2) |
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| 作者姓名： | 伍志山 Keith R. Hopper Paul J. Ode Roger W. Fuester 陈家骅 George E.Heimpel |
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| 作者单位： | Department of Entomology，Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory，Department of Entomology，Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory，福建农林大学植物保护系，Department of Entomology University of Minnesota，St. Paul，MN 55108，USA，USDA ARS，University of Delaware，DE 19713，USA，North Dakota State University，Fargo，ND 58105，USA，USDA ARS，University of Delaware，DE 19713，USA，福建350002，University of Minnesota，St. Paul，MN 55108，USA |
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| 摘 要： | 在膜翅目中 ,未受精卵形成单倍体的雄蜂 ,而在大多数情况下受精卵将产生双倍体的雌蜂。但是 ,因互补性别决定机制 (CSD)的作用 ,受精卵有时也会产生双倍体雄蜂。这种性别决定机制包括单位点的CSD和多位点的CSD。在单位点的CSD作用下 ,唯一的一个性位点上的多个等位基因决定后代个体的性别。性位点上杂合的个体将是雌性 ,半合或同型结合的个体将分别形成单倍体或双倍体的雄性。在多位点的CSD作用下 ,两个或两个以上的性位点控制后代的性别 ,每个性位点上包含两个或两个以上的等位基因。如果一个或一个以上的性位点是杂合的 ,形成的双倍体后代都是雌性的 ,但若是所有的性位点都为同型合子 ,则将产生双倍体的雄蜂。在膜翅目中 ,目前已知 4 3种具有双倍体雄蜂 ,其中 2 2种发现存在单位点的CSD ,但是多位点的CSD还有待于确认。双倍体的雄性个体或者不能存活 ,或者不育 ,这样的个体形成将对寄生蜂种群的增长带来一定的遗传负担。在生物防治上 ,保护寄生蜂种群的性等位基因的多样性及减少其遗传多异性的损失极其重要。如果利用具有单位点CSD的种类 ,采取一定的措施将可避免由于双倍体雄性的形成所带来的负面影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 互补性别决定(CSD) 膜翅目 二倍体雄性 生物防治 |
COMPLEMENTARY SEX DETERMINATION IN HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL |
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| WU Zhishan ),Keith R. Hopper ),Paul J. Ode ),Roger W. Fuester ),CHEN Jia-hua ) and George E. Heimpel )). COMPLEMENTARY SEX DETERMINATION IN HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL[J]. Entomologia Sinica, 2003, 0(2) |
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| Authors: | WU Zhishan ) Keith R. Hopper ) Paul J. Ode ) Roger W. Fuester ) CHEN Jia-hua ) George E. Heimpel )) |
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| Affiliation: | WU Zhishan 1),Keith R. Hopper 2),Paul J. Ode 3),Roger W. Fuester 2),CHEN Jia-hua 4) and George E. Heimpel 1)1)Department of Entomology,University of Minnesota,St. Paul,MN 55108,USA, 2) Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory,USDA-ARS,University of Delaware,DE 19713,USA, 3) Department of Entomology,North Dakota State University,Fargo,ND 58105,USA, 4) Department of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,P. R. China |
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| Abstract: | In haplodiploid Hymenoptera, unfertilized eggs produce haploid males while fertilized eggs lead to diploid females under most circumstances. Diploid males can also be produced from fertilization under a system of sex determination known as complementary sex determination (CSD). Under single-locus CSD, sex is determined by multiple alleles at a single sex locus. Individuals heterozygous at the sex locus are female while hemizygous and homozygous individuals develop as haploid and diploid males, respectively. In multiple-locus CSD, two or more loci, each with two or more alleles, determine sex. Diploid individuals are female if one or more sex loci are heterozygous, while a diploid is male only if homozygous at all sex loci. Diploid males are known to occur in 43 hymenopteran species and single-locus CSD has been demonstrated in 22 of these species. Diploid males are either developmentally inviable or sterile, so their production constitutes a genetic load. Because diploid male production is more likely under inbreeding, CSD is a form of inbreeding depression. It is crucial to preserve the diversity of sex alleles and reduce the loss of genetic variation in biological control. In the parasitoid species with single-locus CSD, certain precautionary procedures can prevent negative effects of single-locus CSD on biological control.== |
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| Keywords: | Complementary sex determination (CSD) Hymenoptera diploid males biological control |
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