温度对异色瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

为探索饲养异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis（Pallas）的最适温度,了解其对高温的耐受性,组建了异色瓢虫在15,20,25,30和35℃下的实验种群生命表。结果表明：各虫态的发育速率随温度的升高而加快,在15℃下世代的发育历期最长（65.5d）,而30℃时仅为22.4d,20℃和25℃时分别为39.0d和23.0d。卵、幼虫、蛹和世代的发育起点温度分别为9.8,8.2,11.6和8.5℃,有效积温分别为41.1,225.6,81.6,432.6日.度。成虫寿命随温度升高而逐渐缩短,15℃时最长,为77.7d,在30℃下最短,为36.3d;单雌产卵量在25℃时最高,平均为2193.0粒,15℃时最低,为626.0粒。在25℃下,异色瓢虫的种群趋势指数和内禀增长力均较高,分别为916.7和0.15,表明25℃是异色瓢虫生长、繁殖的最适温度。

Effect of temperature on survival, development and fecundity of Harmonia axyridis

To explore the optimal temperature for rearing ladybug Harmonia axyrid（Pallas）and understand their heat tolerance, life tables of laboratory population were constructed at five temperatures. The results showed that the developmental rate increased with the temperature increasing from 15℃ to 35℃. The longest duration of the generation was 65.5 days observed at 15℃, and the shortest was 22.4 days at 30℃ . The duration was 39.0 days and 23.0 days at 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, respectively. The threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature required for egg, larva, pupa and whole generation were 9.8, 8.2, 11.6, 8.5℃ and 41.1, 225.6, 81.6, 432.6 degree-day, respectively. The lifespan decreased with the increasing of temperature. The longest lifespan was 77.7 days at 15℃, while the shortest was 36.3 days at 30℃. The maximum number of eggs laid per female was 2 193.0 at 25℃, while the least was 626.0 at 15℃. Both intrinsic growth capacity and index of population trend were higher at 25℃, 916.7 and 0. 15, respectively, which indicated that 25℃ was the optimal temperature for rearing H. axyridis.