古今演变中的云南植物若干特点探讨

云南的独特地理位置、地质历史、地形地貌和和季风气候环境等起源于印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞并插入所产生的青藏高原隆起与古地中海西退。在这个从古到今演变的舞台上,云南不仅成为“植物王国”,而且形成了一些重要的特点。云南既是东亚、东南亚和东喜马拉雅等植物区系的交汇区,又是欧亚大陆植物区系与赤道热带的唯一陆地交流通道;它们既有丰富的古老、孑遗植物,又有数量处于我国榜首的特有分类群;在横断山区这个新分类群分布和演化中心中,新分类群的分布格局与其原始类群的起源密切相关。此外,由于地质历史变迁、第四纪冰期影响和山地垂直变化等,使云南的很多植物具有较多的生态遗传型和较强的生态适应性。

Approach on some characteristics of Yunnan plants under the evolution from ancient to modern

The unique geographical position,geological history,topographical landforms and monsoon climate environment of Yunnan are originated by the raising up of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the withdrawing of Palaeo-Mediterranean. In the stage of evolution from ancient to modern, Yunnan is not only becoming the "Kingdom of plants",but also resulting some unique characteristics,i, e. Yunnan is the place where the floras of East Asia,SE Asia and East Himalayas meet,and the only land passage between the floras of Eu-Asian Continent and the equator ; Yunnan is also the place where has plenty of ancient species and endemic taxon. Mt. Hengduan is a special mountains from north to south,where is a distributing and evolution center of new endemic species of China,in which the distributing pattern is different in according to their origins. Moreover,the geographical evolution,the influences from the Quaternary Period and the vertical changes of mountains etc. have caused many species of plants to have more ecological genetic types and stronger ecological adaptation.