家养动物选择信号研究进展

家养动物在人类生活中占有重要地位，它们都经历驯化而来，在自然和人工选择下，适应了当地环境和人类需要，形成了各类品种。驯化、自然和人工选择都会在基因组上留下选择信号。对这些选择信号研究，可以直接挖掘到功能基因，是目前最重要的功能基因筛选策略之一。当前已经对猪、鸡、牛、羊、狗等家养动物开展了选择信号研究，并挖掘了大量功能基因。本文主要概述了选择信号的种类和检测方法，简述其在家养动物中的研究，并讨论了选择信号分析的关键问题及其研究前景。

Selection signature in domesticated animals

Domesticated animals play an important role in the life of humanity. All these domesticated animals undergo same process, first domesticated from wild animals, then after long time natural and artificial selection, formed various breeds that adapted to the local environment and human needs. In this process, domestication, natural and artificial selection will leave the selection signal in the genome. The research on these selection signals can find functional genes directly, is one of the most important strategies in screening functional genes. The current studies of selection signal have been performed in pigs, chickens, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and other domestic animals, and found a great deal of functional genes. This paper provided an overview of the types and the detected methods of selection signal, and outlined researches of selection signal in domestic animals, and discussed the key issues in selection signal analysis and its prospects.