京津冀外来入侵植物的种类调查与分析

【目的】近年来,外来入侵植物对京津冀地区的生态安全和经济贸易发展构成了严重威胁。了解京津冀地区入侵植物种类组成,分析其分布特点,能够为京津冀地区外来入侵植物扩散的防控、生物多样性保护与生态安全提供理论依据。【方法】对京津冀外来入侵植物的种类、原产地、生活型、危害程度、引入途径等进行调查和分析。【结果】京津冀目前有99种外来入侵植物,其中恶性杂草11种。菊科和禾本科为优势科,所含种数分别为24和12种。京津冀外来入侵植物以一、二年草本植物为主;美洲是京津冀入侵植物的最大起源地,其中,北美地区23种,美洲热带和中、南美洲共32种;人为有意引进共56种,占外来入侵植物总种数的56.57%。【结论】当前京津冀地区外来植物入侵状况比较严重,且该地区入侵植物的入侵与其社会经济学因子和生物地理学因子密切有关,有意引入是京津冀地区外来植物入侵的主要途径。

Investigation and analysis on alien invasive plants in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province

[Aim] Invasive plants pose a serious threat to the ecological integrity and economic development of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province in recent years. Understanding which invasive plant species and their distribution can provide a basis for their prevention and control, as well for biodiversity protection and ecological integrity in these areas.[Method] Based on our field survey, each invasive plant species was analyzed considering its origin, life form, potential impact, and invasive routes.[Result] The results showed that 99 alien invasive species were found in these regions. Eleven species had a high level of threat to the local ecological environment. Compositae and Poaceae were dominant plants, with 24 species and 12 species, respectively. Most of the invasive plants were annual or biennial and were originally from the America. Twenty-three species were from North America and 32 species were from Central and South America. Fifty-six species were intentionally introduced, which took up 56.57% of the total species.[Conclusion] Alien plant invasion is very serious in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province. The distribution of invasives is mainly determined by socioeconomic and biogeographic factors, and intentional introduction.