新疆油用型向日葵种质资源对2种新入侵病害的抗性鉴定与评价

【目的】向日葵白锈病、黑茎病是2种危害严重的新入侵病害,新疆地区新源县和特克斯县为这2种病害发生区。研究目前种植的油用型向日葵品种对向日葵白锈病和黑茎病的抗性差异,可为新疆伊犁地区向日葵品种选育及其病害综合防控提供理论依据。【方法】选择伊犁地区广泛种植的16种油用型向日葵种质资源为供试品种,试验地设在新源县和特克斯县田间,于2015年5—9月调查样地的病叶数,并计算病情指数,同时测定样地的平均产量,最后综合以上结果确定各品种的抗性水平。【结果】不同向日葵品种在同一供试条件下对白锈病和黑茎病存在明显的抗性差异,在新源县NX19012(西域朝阳)的病情指数分别为7.83和25.62,而品种KWS204的病情指数为21.04和39.50;部分品种在不同的供试地点表现出一致的抗性水平,品种新引S31感染白锈病后在新源县的病情指数为9.41,在特克斯县为9.38;另有部分品种在不同地点存在不同的抗性水平,如G101感染白锈病后在新源县和特克斯县的病情指数分别为9.16和11.78,而感染黑茎病后在新源县和特克斯县的病情指数分别为31.05和37.79。【结论】通过对白锈病和黑茎病病情指数、向日葵产量及当地气象数据的综合研究,发现NX19012(西域朝阳)最适宜在新疆伊犁地区种植,品种S606、TO12244、NX01025(西部骆驼)也可作为多样化种植的候选品种,而新葵杂系列品种中新葵杂5号可作为今后品种选育的试验材料。

Resistance identification and evaluation of sunflower germplasm resources in Xinjiang

Aim] Sunflower white rust (Albugo tragopogonis) and black stem (Phoma macdonaldii) are two new quarantine diseases. We surveyed Xinyuan and Tekes in Yili Region, Xinjiang, to identify the level of resistance against these new diseases in currently planted sunflower cultivars. Method] Field trail of 16 cultivars of sunflower planted widely in Yili was carried out for surveying the number of diseased leaves at Xinyuan County and Tekes County from May to September, 2015. Disease index and average yield of sample trails were integrated for analysis of resistance to white rust and black stem. Result] We found differences in resistance: cv. Xinyuan NX19012 (Xiyuzhaoyang), the disease indices were 7.83 and 25.62, cv. KWS204 had values of 21.04 and 39.50; The same cultivar in different places showed consistent levels of resistance: cv. Xinyin S31 in Xinyuan, the sunflower white rust disease index was 9.41, while in Tekes, it was 9.38. Not all cultivars were consistent: cv. G101 had sunflower white rust disease indices of 9.16 in Xinyuan, while 11.78 in Tekes, and the same for sunflower black stem were 31.05 and 37.79, respectively. Conclusion] Cv. NX19012 (Xiyuzhaoyang) was the most suitable to plant in Yili Region through the comprehensive analysis of disease index, production, and locally meteorological data. Cv. S606, TO12244, NX01025 (Xibuluotuo) may also be considered as alternative cultivars and Xinkuiza No. 5 of Xinkuiza series was possibly a useful cv. for future breeding efforts.