The Cryptococcus neoformans cap10 and cap59 mutant strains, affected in glucuronoxylomannan synthesis, differentially activate human dendritic cells

The human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningo-encephalitis. The polysaccharide capsule is one of the main virulence factors and consists of two distinct polysaccharides: glucuronoxylomannan and galactoxylomannan. The presence of this polysaccharide capsule was previously shown to interfere with maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs), possibly by shielding cell-wall components from interacting with these host immune cells. Here we show that two mutant strains of C. neoformans , both lacking a visible capsule due to a defect in glucuronoxylomannan synthesis, differentially activate human monocyte-derived DCs. Cells from a cap59 mutant, but not of a cap10 mutant strain, induce maturation of DCs as indicated by an increase in the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p40 and tumor necrosis factor α. Interestingly, cap59 mutant cells reassociated with a concentrated culture medium of wild-type C. neoformans had lost their capacity to induce DC maturation. Summarizing, our data suggest that glucuronoxylomannan confers properties to the capsule that protect the fungus against activation of DCs; however, the presence of intact glucuronoxylomannan is not an absolute requirement to prevent activation of DCs.