Viral lysis and grazing loss of bacteria in nutrient- and carbon-manipulated brackish water enclosures |
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Authors: | Tuomi P; Kuuppo P |
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Institution: | Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland |
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Abstract: | A 3 week enclosure experiment was carried out at the Gulf of Finland, the
Baltic Sea. After additions of inorganic nutrients nitrogen (N) +
phosphorus (P)] and a carbon source (sucrose), we followed bacterial, viral
and heterotrophic nanoflagellate (HNF) abundances, as well as bacterial
production and the frequency of bacteria visibly infected with viruses.
Furthermore, the decay rate of virus particles was measured three times
during the enclosure experiment from the KCN-treated water samples.
Bacterial mortality caused by viral lysis was estimated using the decay
rates and the fraction of bacteria infected. Nutrient (N + P) additions
stimulated phytoplankton growth the chlorophyll (Chl)
a concentration increased from <5 g l-1 up to 19 g
l-1], while sucrose additions increased bacterial
production (from 4-6 x 107
l-1 h-1). The phytoplankton
blooms affected bacterial production only slightly. Bacterial mortality
that was explained by viruses ranged from <2% to 13% when estimated
from the visibly infected cells, and from 8% to 808% when the decay rates
(range 0.052-0.765 h-1) were used. Assuming a
clearance rate of 5 nl flagellate-1
h-1, the HNF community could graze 16-135% of total
bacterial loss.
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