起源于组织培养的籼稻雄性不育体细胞无性系变异

IR8及IR54的成熟种子与幼穗培养在MS培养基,蔗糖6％附加生长刺激素及其它成分的条件下,在再分化植株第一代(R_1)中各发现了1株雄性不育突变(其中来自IR54的1株为育性嵌合体)。在IR24及IR54体细胞无性系第二代(R_2)各发现1个株系分离出雄性不育与育性正常两类植株。上述雄性不育有花粉败育与无花粉型两类。IR24对无花粉型的雄性不育(来自IR54)为半恢复。F_1及R_2代的育性分离完全符合15/16∶1/16的模式,表明雄性不育为两对独立的核基因所控制。通常雄性不育是通过杂交(包括远缘与品种间)理化诱变或自发突变产生的。最近在烟草上通过原生质体融合也获得了雄性不育。但从体细胞培养的无性系及其后代中获得雄性不育的突变,本研究乃属首次。

Variation of Somaclonal Male Sterile Lines of Indica Rice by Cell Culture

Mature seeds and young panicle of IR8 and IR54 were regenerated.Under the culture condition of MS medium added with 6% sucrose,some hormones and other supplements.Among the regenerated plants one male-sterile plant,which was a fertile and sterile chimaera in IR54,was found in each variety.Among the somaclonal lines of R2 generation in IR24 and IR54,each line of the two varieties was found to be segregated in fertility.Two types of pol len failed to develop,pollen free (without pollen) and pollen abortive,could be identified.IR24 was a semi-storer for ms-plants of pollen-free type derived from the second generation of IR54 somaclones.The segregation ra'io of fertile:sterile gave a complete fit to the formula 15/16:1/16,showing that the male-sterile was controlled by two independent nuclear genes.Until now,as we know,male sterile could be produced by hybridization,or mutagenesis,sometimes could be found in nature by spontaneous mutation.Recently the cytoplasmic male sterile of tobacco was produced by protoplast fusion.But it was first reported that male ste-rile was found in regenerated plants and their offsprings from somatic cell culture.