太行山猕猴的冬季生境选择

2007 年11 月至2008 年2 月,在太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区愚公保护站,根据观察到的猕猴活动痕迹和位置,设置了180 个10 m × 10 m 的样方。在这些样方中,对10 个生态因子(地形、海拔高度、坡位、坡向、坡度、离水源距离、人为干扰、郁闭度、隐蔽度、平均胸径)进行了调查分析,以期了解太行山猕猴的冬季生境选择特征。结果表明:太行山猕猴在冬季喜好选择的生境特征为:倾向于围绕大树(乔木平均胸径> 15 cm)活动;较之其它季节,冬季的猕猴更愿意接近人类居所(< 2 000 m),并选择离水源近(< 1 000 m)的地方活动,说明直接饮水可能是猕猴在干旱冬季获得足量水分的重要途径;冬季猕猴喜欢在坡度为15° ～40°、郁闭度< 60% 的阳坡活动,活动区域的海拔高度为1 000 ～1 300 m。猕猴对生境中地形特征和坡位无明显偏好,对活动地点的隐蔽条件也无特殊要求。文中还对所选择的生态因子进行了主成分分析,结果表明,前5 个主成分的特征值均大于1,其累积贡献率达到70.713% ,可以较好地反映猕猴的冬季生境特征。

Winter habitat selection of rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)in Taihang Mountains,Jiyuan,China

A survey on winter habitat selection of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) was carried out from November 2007 to February 2008 in Taihang Mountains (35°11′N,112°16′E ) in Jiyuan, Henan Province, China. 180 plots of 10 m × 10 m were set up and 10 factors were selected to analyze the habitat selection of the macaque. These factors include slope terrain, altitude of the plot, slope position, slope face, slope degree, the distance from water resource, concealment, human disturbance, canopy, and average DBH (diameter breast height). The results showed that, for their activities, the macaque usually chose a certain habitat with characteristics as follows:1)the average tree whose DBH is over 15 cm;2) the distance from human disturbance is less than 2 000 m;3) the distance to water is less than 1 000 m; 4) the gradient of slope ranges from 15° to 40°;5)the altitude of the monkey ranging sites ranged from 1 000 m to 1 300 m;6) the canopy cover was less than 60%. In addition, the macaques preferred south-faced and southwest-faced slopes in winter. The principal component analysis indicated that these five factors will contribute 70.713% of the total variance, while the others might have less impact on habitat selection.