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Synthesis and evaluation of dihydroartemisinin and dihydroartemisitene acetal dimers showing anticancer and antiprotozoal activity |
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| Authors: | Ahmed M Galal Waseem Gul Desmond Slade Samir A Ross Shixia Feng Melinda G Hollingshead Michael C Alley Gurmeet Kaur Mahmoud A ElSohly |
| Institution: | 1. National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;2. ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA;3. Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;4. Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;5. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA |
| Abstract: | Twelve artemisinin acetal dimers were synthesized and tested for antitumor activity in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro human tumor 60 cell line assay, producing a mean GI50 concentration between 8.7 (least active) and 0.019 μM (most active). The significant activity of the compounds in this preliminary screen led to additional in vitro antitumor and antiangiogenesis studies. Several active dimers were also evaluated in the in vivo NCI hollow fiber assay followed by a preliminary xenograft study. The title compounds were found to be active against solid tumor-derived cell lines and showed good correlation with other artemisinin-based molecules in the NCI database. The dimers were also evaluated for their antimalarial and antileishmanial activities. The antimalarial activity ranged from 0.3 to 32 nM (IC50), compared to 9.9 nM for artemisinin. |
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