Acute and chronic saturated fatty acid treatment as a key instigator of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response in human adipose tissue, in vitro |
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Authors: | Youssef-Elabd Elham M McGee Kirsty C Tripathi Gyanendra Aldaghri Nasser Abdalla Mohga S Sharada Hayat M Ashour Esmat Amin Ashraf I Ceriello Antonio O'Hare Joseph P Kumar Sudhesh McTernan Philip G Harte Alison L |
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Affiliation: | a Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 12622b University of Warwick, Unit for Diabetes and Metabolism, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, UHCW, Coventry, UK CV2 2DXc Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt 11795d Clinical Pathology Department, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt 11562e Insititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Calle Mallorca 183, Piso P01, 08036 Barcelona, Spainf King Saud University, College of Science Biochemistry Department, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | A post-prandial increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and glucose (Glc) activates an inflammatory response, which may be prolonged following restoration of physiological SFAs and Glc levels — a finding referred to as ‘metabolic memory'.This study examined chronic and oscillating SFAs and Glc on the inflammatory signalling pathway in human adipose tissue (AT) and adipocytes (Ads) and determined whether Ads are subject to “metabolic memory.”Abdominal (Abd) subcutaneous (Sc) explants and Ads were treated with chronic low glucose (L-Glc): 5.6 mM and high glucose (H-Glc): 17.5 mM, with low (0.2 mM) and high (2 mM) SFA for 48 h. Abd Sc explants and Ads were also exposed to the aforementioned treatment regimen for 12-h periods, with alternating rest periods of 12 h in L-Glc.Chronic treatment with L-Glc and high SFAs, H-Glc and high SFAs up-regulated key factors of the nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway in Abd Sc AT and Ads (TLR4, NFκB; P<.05), whilst down-regulating MyD88. Oscillating Glc and SFA concentrations increased TLR4, NFκB, IKKβ (P<.05) in explants and Ads and up-regulated MyD88 expression (P<.05). Both tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 (P<.05) secretion were markedly increased in chronically treated Abd Sc explants and Ads whilst, with oscillating treatments, a sustained inflammatory effect was noted in absence of treatment.Therefore, SFAs may act as key instigators of the inflammatory response in human AT via NFκB activation, which suggests that short-term exposure of cells to uncontrolled levels of SFAs and Glc leads to a longer-term inflammatory insult within the Ad, which may have important implications for patients with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. |
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Keywords: | Saturated fatty acids Glucose Obesity Toll-like receptors Human adipose tissue Inflammation |
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