Saving camels from straws: how propagule pressure-based prevention policies can reduce the risk of biological invasion |
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Authors: | Jamie K. Reaser Laura A. Meyerson Betsy Von Holle |
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Affiliation: | (1) Ecos Systems Institute, c/o Ravens Ridge Farm, 1207 Bull Yearling Road, Stanardsville, VA 22973, USA;(2) Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;(3) National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development (8623-D), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA;(4) Present address: Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816-2368, USA |
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Abstract: | Nonnative species that harm or have the potential to cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health are known as invasive species. Propagule pressure may be the most important factor in establishment success of nonnative species of various taxa in a variety of ecosystems worldwide, and strong evidence is emerging that propagule pressure determines both the scale of invasion extent and impact. In a limited way, the US government is applying a “propagule pressure approach” in a variety of prevention policy contexts aimed at minimizing the impact of harmful organisms. However, there are also readily apparent opportunities for enacting propagule pressure-based measures to fill current gaps in invasive species prevention and control at national, state, and local levels. An explicit focus on propagule pressure-based policies could substantially increase the effectiveness of US efforts to prevent the introduction of invasive species through by intentional and unintentional introductions. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the US government. “As the last straw breaks the laden camel’s back...” -Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son |
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Keywords: | Invasive species Policy Prevention Propagule pressure United States |
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