Effects of selective denervation and nerve growth factor on activity-mediated growth of rat parotid gland.

A dietary change from all liquid to solid food is followed by an average increase of 200% in 3H]thymidine uptake into the parotid gland of rat. However, removal of either the parasympathetic (Px) or the sympathetic (Sx) innervation to the parotid gland prior to the dietary change resulted in a partial inhibition of the increase; values for the parasympathectomized gland were 51% of those of the innervated gland, and values of the sympathectomized parotid gland were 42% of those of the innervated gland. Removal of both autonomic nerves caused a complete inhibition. Initiation of nerve growth factor (NGF) injection (1 microgram/kg body wt, two times daily for the 2 days of chow refeeding) at the time of chow refeeding had no effect on completely or partially denervated glands, and thymidine values for the denervated parotid gland of rats given NGF did not differ statistically from those of rats not given NGF. With parasympathectomy, sympathectomy, and complete denervation, weight of parotid gland was decreased from that of innervated glands, and administration of NGF had no effect on the denervation-induced decreases. The data show that both branches of the innervation to parotid gland must be intact to ensure a maximal increase in thymidine uptake with the dietary change from liquid to solid food. The level of the enzyme, beta 1-4 galactosyltransferase, involved in proliferation, also depended on the presence of intact nerves. Enzyme activity of innervated parotid gland showed an average increase of 200% with chow refeeding of rats previously on liquid diet, but with Px, the average increase was 51% of that of the innervated parotid, and with Sx, it was 41%. NGF administration did not cause any change in levels of this enzyme in any Px or PxSx parotid gland and only a small change in Sx parotid; it did increase levels of this enzyme in parotid of rats without submandibular-sublingual glands.