Physiological and environmental constraints in the ecology of the planktonic dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella

SUMMARY. Constraints upon the vertical distribution of a population of Ceratium hirundinella , in a productive English lake during the summer stratification of 1976, are considered. They are interpreted in relation to vertical gradients of temperature, dissolved oxygen and irradiance, and to rates of photosynthesis and respiration measured as oxygen exchange in long- and short-term exposures. The motile cells tended to aggregate at an intermediate depth in the epilimnion, associated with a relative irradiance level of c . 10% or c . 140 μ einsteins m⁻²s⁻¹ as measured with a horizontal PAR sensor. Higher irradiances, and conditions below the oxycline, were apparently unfavourable, but the intervening layer was severely compressed at the height of summer stratification, when concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were also minimal. Thus the population apparently passed through a critical period, at which the cellular content of chlorophyll-α was much reduced. The preferred irradiance level in the lake corresponded to that at which measured rates of net photosynthesis were maximal. Increased rates of oxygen evolution were measured at higher irradiances in very short exposures; this behaviour may be of importance to cells experiencing vertical movement in nature.