基于GIS的农村住区生态重要性空间评价及其分区管制--以兴国县长冈乡为例

在我国加速新农村建设阶段,如何协调好村镇建设与地域生态系统的关系成为当前规划界的热点问题之一。基于GIS技术,从水资源安全、生物保护、灾害防护和人类干扰等4个方面,构建了空间尺度上的生态重要性综合指数,对兴国县长冈乡生态重要性空间进行了评价, 并制定了分区管制的措施,以便从宏观上预防乡村建设可能带来的生态安全问题。提出的评价方法将有利于指导我国新农村建设规划,开展生态保育和生态建设,维护农村生态系统健康与安全。

Spatial assessment and zoning regulations of ecological importance based on GIS for rural habitation in Changgang Town, Xinguo county

During the accelerative new countryside construction in China, how to assort with the relationship between the village construction and regional ecosystem are hot issues in the current planning field. Recently, unreasonable land use types made ecological resource, which is to stick up for rural ecosystem health and security, damaged in new countryside construction. It brought a series of ecological security problems for instance biodiversity reduced, soil and water loss, and outstanding rural landscape lose. Spatial assessment of ecological importance for rural habitation is to emphasize on harmonious between production space, live space and natural conditions, accretion between human and other biology through applying for ecology theory. It insists on natural foundation maintenance, maximum safeguarding natural environment and its evolvement during the village development. It is to objectively integrated evaluate spatial distribution of ecological importance in rural habitation, based on geologic physiognomy character, eco-environment characteristic, and land exploitation analysis. Base on above analysis, rural ecosystem effectively can be protected and ecological problems brought by rural construction are to be prevented from the point of macroscopical view. So we urgently need evaluation ecological importance space in rural habitat, and establish measures for zoning regulations. Based on this, we can prevent ecological problems brought by rural construction, instruct rural habitat planning and develop ecological protection and construction. Spatial assessment of ecological importance for rural habitation is to identify ecological infrastructure, which maintain security and health of rural living land. Ecological Infrastructure is the basic guarantee, from which sustainable ecosystem service are obtained by villager. It is the hard-and-fast restriction rigid limitation of villages and towns expansion and land development and utilization. In this paper, according to eco-environment characteristic and evaluation aim, ecological resource importance indexes on spatial scale were constructed from water security, bio-protection, disaster defend and human disturb based on GIS. The evaluation indexes includes following indicator: distance to water area, status of water area, waterhead protection area type, vegetation coverage, vegetation type, bio-habitation sensitivity index, distance to geo-disaster danger zone, land use type, intension index of main roads influence, intension index of village construction influence and population congregation. Assessment and zoning regulation of ecological resource importance for rural habitation were done in changgang town, xinguo county, jiangxi province. It is to prevent ecological problems caused by rural construction from the point of macroscopical view. Area of very important evaluation class and important evaluation class is 4193.68hm² and 2115.34hm²,which account for 61.38% in the study area. The eastern and northern region is the distributing area of very important ecological resource in the changgang town, xinguo county. These areas are the critical eco-lands, which are to safeguard water and soil security, and bio-diversity conservation. These eco-lands must be protected and prohibited for development and construction. Proposed assessment method in this paper is to guide rural planning in China, to develop ecological protection and construction and to maintain rural ecosystem health and security.