两种变应性接触性皮炎动物模型的建立及比较

目的比较两种动物作为变应性接触性皮炎（allergic contact dermatitis，ACD）模型各自的优势，为实际应用中恰当选择动物模型提供依据。方法利用二硝基氯苯（dinitrochlorobenzene，DNCB）作为致敏剂，以腹部致敏、背部激发的方法分别建立豚鼠（连续激发4次）和小鼠（1次激发）两种ACD动物模型，并以丙酮作为对照。激发后0～96h，对激发部位进行动态分级。激发后96h，H-E染色观察激发部位皮肤病理变化，并计算脾指数和胸腺指数。结果动态评分结果显示：豚鼠激发后72h红斑程度最强，临床分级以3级为主，并于72～96h保持不变；小鼠激发后24h红斑程度最强，临床分级以4级为主，48h后红斑程度减轻。病理结果显示：两种模型激发部位皮肤内均有大量炎症细胞浸润。脾指数和胸腺指数计算结果显示：两种动物模型的脾指数和胸腺指数均较对照组明显增加（P〈0．05）。结论通过上述方法分别成功建立了豚鼠和小鼠ACD动物模型。豚鼠红斑程度较弱，且出现较晚，持续时间较长；小鼠红斑程度较强，出现较早，持续时间较短。

Establishment and Comparison of Mouse and Guinea-Pig Models of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Objective To establish mouse and guinea-pig models of allergic contact dermatitis （ACD） and compare their respective advantages. Methods Animals were sensitized on the abdomen and challenged on the back with dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）, four times challenge for the guinea-pig and once for the mice, choosing acetone as control. Dynamic grading of the skin alterations on the back was performed between 0 and 96 h after challenge. H-E staining was used for the pathological examination. Thymus index and spleen index were calculated. Results The most severe erythema was observed at 72 h in the guinea pig model, ranking mainly for grade Ⅲ, and lasting between 72 h and 96 h. The most severe erythema in mouse model was observed at 24 h, ranking mainly for grade Ⅳ, but reduced since 48 h after challenge. There were large amount of inflammatory cells infiltrating in the epidermis and dermis in both two models. Compared with the control group, the spleen index and thymus index in model groups were significantly increased （ P 〈 0.05） in both two models. Conclusions The mouse and guinea-pig models of allergic contact dermatitis have been successfully established in this study. The erythema in mouse model is more severe and appears relatively earlier, but with a shorter duration. The erythema on guinea pig model is weaker and appears relatively later, but lasting longer.