Brij 58, a polyoxyethylene acyl ether, creates membrane vesicles of uniform sidedness. A new tool to obtain inside-out (cytoplasmic side-out) plasma membrane vesicles |
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Authors: | Fredrik Johansson Malin Olbe Marianne Sommarin Christer Larsson |
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Institution: | Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 117, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Most of the plasma membrane vesicles formed upon homogenization of plant tissue have a right-side-out (cytoplasmic side-in) orientation. Subsequent purification of plasma membrane vesicles using aqueous two-phase partitioning leads to a further enrichment in right-side-out vesicles resulting in preparations with 80–90% of the vesicles in this orientation. Thus, to be able to assay, e.g. the ion-pumping activities of the H+-ATPase and the Ca2+-ATPase, which expose their active sites towards the cytoplasm, the vesicles have to be inverted. This is very efficiently achieved by including 0.05% of the detergent Brij 58 (C16E20) in the assay medium, which produces 100% sealed, inside-out (cytoplasmic side-out) vesicles from preparations of 80–90% right-side-out vesicles. This was shown by assaying ATP-dependent H+ pumping using the ΔpH probe acridine orange and dissipating the H+ gradient with nigericin, and by assaying ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport using 45CA2+ and dissipating the Ca2+ gradient with the ionophore A23187. The presence of intact vesicles was confirmed by electronmicroscopy. The detergent Brij 58 is a polyoxyethylene acyl ether and a survey among some other members of this series revealed that those with a head group of relatively large size (E20–23) showed this 'non-detergent behavior', whereas those with smaller head groups (E8–10) behaved as normal detergents and permeabilized the membranes. Thus, a very convenient system for studies on ion-pumping activities and other vectorial properties of the plasma membrane is obtained by simply including the detergent Brij 58 in the assay medium. |
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