酸枣果抗菌增敏活性成分的提取及生物学活性研究

采用不同极性的溶剂,从野生酸枣果和木枣果中由低极性到高极性依次提取获得不同极性范围的提取物,通过检测其抗菌作用和提取物与抗生素的协同抗菌作用,从中筛选具有抗菌增敏作用的活性提取物,并经活性追踪的柱层析分离纯化进一步得到活性精提物,通过GC-MS分析确定其组成成分,最后检测了该活性精提物的生物学活性。结果表明:(1)在所有的枣果提取物中仅酸枣果氯仿提取物具有广谱的抗菌作用,并能显著增强铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄青霉素的敏感性,而其他提取物均无相应的生物学活性。(2)由酸枣果氯仿提取物进一步精制得到的Fr.2a组分,经GC-MS初步分析显示它包含49.59%1,3-二氯丙醇、5.49%1,1-二氯甲醚、0.96%六氯乙烷、7.81%1,1,2,3-四氯-2-丙烯、1.33%月桂酸、1.34%十四酸、0.87%棕榈油酸、7.37%棕榈酸、9.75%邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、2.02%反式-13-十八碳烯酸、1.88%油酸酰胺、3.06%β-香树精、0.93%α-菖蒲醇、6.20%羽扇豆醇和1.42%乌索醛等成分。(3)酸枣活性提取物Fr.2a与多种抗生素联用显示出广泛的协同抗菌作用,同时Fr.2a呈剂量依赖性地促进微生物生物膜的形成,降低微生物的运动性和显著抑制牛奶中微生物的生长。该研究结果为酸枣果的药用产品和天然防腐剂的开发奠定了基础。

Study on the Extraction and Biological Activities of Antimicrobial and Antibiotic Sensitizing Active Components from Wild Jujube Fruits

The widespread use of antibiotics abuse lead to bacterial resistance increased,thus to explore the new method of antibacterial,search for new antimicrobial agents has very important significance.In this paper,solvents of different polarity were used to extract extracts from jujube fruits with different polarity ranges from low polarity to high polarity.By detecting the antimicrobial we screened the effect of the extracts and the synergistic antimicrobial effect of the extracts and antibiotics,the active extracts with antimicrobial and antibiotic sensitization effects.The active extracts were further isolated and purified by column chromatography with activity tracking.(1)Among all the extracts of jujube fruits,only chloroform extract of wild jujube fruits has broad-spectrum antibacterial effect and can significantly enhance the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin,while other extracts have no corresponding biological activity.(2)Fr.2a component obtained by further refining the chloroform extract of wild jujube fruits,GC-MS analysis showed that it contained 49.59%of 1,3-dichloropropanol,5.49%of 1,1-dichloromethyl ether,0.96%of hexachloroethane,7.81%of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloro-2-propylene,1.33%of lauric acid,1.34%of myristic acid,0.87%of palmitoleic acid,7.37%of palmitic acid,9.75%of dibutyl phthalate,2.02%of trans-13-octadecentenoic acid,1.88%of oleamide,3.06%ofβ-amyrin,0.93%ofα-acorenol alcohol,6.20%of lupeol,1.42%of ursolic aldehyde.(3)The combination of Fr.2a with a variety of antibiotics showed extensive synergistic antimicrobial effects,while Fr.2a in a dose-dependent manner promoted the formation of microbial biofilms,reduced microbial motility and significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms in milk.These studies have laid a foundation for the development of wild jujube medicinal products and natural preservatives.