脊髓损伤的基因治疗

基因治疗脊髓损伤（SCI）既不存在胎儿神经组织移植的组织来源问题，且比外周神经组织移植引起的排异性低，是目前脊髓损伤治疗中最有前途的方法.基因治疗的转基因方式有两种：一是将目的基因直接导入体内靶细胞令其表达；二是将基因在体外导入适当的细胞内，并筛选出高效表达的移植细胞作为转基因中介移植到体内靶组织.不论采用何种方式，将基因导入细胞又可用多种手段实现：如微注射、脂质体等物理或化学手段；利用缺陷病毒作为载体感染细胞的生物学手段.因为用生物学手段转基因的细胞移植方法空间定位明确，所以目前最常采用它作为基因治疗效果的研究.虽然SCI基因治疗目前仍停留在实验探索阶段，一些问题尚待解决，但随着基因治疗技术方法的不断提高，它的临床应用前景可以预见.

Gene Therapy of Spinal Cord Injury

Gene therapy of spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most promising method compared with the others, because it doesn't involve the problems of resource and higher exclusion which respectively exists in fetal nerve transplantation and peripheral nerve transplantation. There are two ways of gene therapy to be chosen: one is to transfer objective genes to the target-cells in vivo directly; the other is to transfer objective genes to one proper kind of transplantable cells firstly, then graft the highest expressing cells to the target-cells in vivo. To realize the transfer of genes to cells, two measures are used in common: physical or chemical measure such as micro-infection et al and biochemical measure i.e. gene modified defective virus. Although there are some questions unresolved in this field, the clinical value of gene therapy of SCI in the future is depended.