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Modulation of the Akt/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by A3 adenosine receptor |
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| Authors: | Stefania Merighi Annalisa Benini Prisco Mirandola Stefania Gessi Katia Varani Edward Leung Stephen MacLennan Pier Giovanni Baraldi Pier Andrea Borea |
| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17–19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;(2) Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, Human Anatomy Section, University of Parma, Parma, Italy;(3) King Pharmaceuticals R&D, Cary, North Carolina, USA;(4) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;(5) Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Inflammation, Ferrara, Italy |
| Abstract: | Downstream A3 receptor signalling plays an important role in the regulation of cell death and proliferation. Therefore, it is important to determine the molecular pathways involved through A3 receptor stimulation. The phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have central roles in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. The crosstalk between these two pathways has also been investigated. The focus of this review centres on downstream mediators of A3 adenosine receptor signalling. |
| Keywords: | adenosine A3 receptors cell death cell proliferation cell signalling |
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