外来植物入侵的化感作用机制探讨

在最近的几十年,在全球范围内的外来植物入侵的频率达到了前所未有的水平,所以对其入侵机制的研究显得尤为重要。目前,已有几种假说从不同的侧面解释外来植物的成功入侵。本文在综述前人工作基础上,从化感作用的角度解释外来植物入侵,并给出解释模式。由于本土动植物对某些外来植物释放的化感物质比较敏感,外来植物可以利用它的“化学武器”与本土植物竞争,抵御植食性动物的取食和病源菌的感染,从而在与本土物种的相互干扰中占据优势,实现成功入侵。进一步从理论和应用的角度探讨了化感作用作为外来植物入侵的机制给我们的启示,并对今后这方面研究提出几点建议和看法。

Discussion on allelopathy mechanism of exotic plant invasion

In recent decades, the frequency of exotic plants invasions has reached to an unprecedented level. It is very important to investigate the mechanism for exotic plant invasion. There are several hypotheses to explain the plant invasion. The previous researches were reviewed in this paper, and the explaintation of exotic plant invasion from the allelopathic perspective was further addressed. Compared to exotic plants, native species are more sensitive to the chemical compounds released by exotic plants, exotic plants may use "chemical weapon" to interfere with native plants, avoid predation by herbivores and prevent infection from pathogenic microbe so that they hold advantage relative to native species, extend distribution area, and finally achieve successful invasion. Furthermore, the theoretic and applied implications from the chemical mechanism were discussed, and some suggestions were also proposed.