大豆对臭氧、二氧化碳及其复合效应的响应

以大豆‘中黄14'为试验材料,首次模拟研究大气中O₃、CO₂浓度增加,及其逐渐和持续增加O₃、CO₂浓度复合效应对大豆的影响.结果表明,CO₂浓度增加可缓解O₃对叶片的伤害程度,受害时间推迟,受害症状无实质性变化.熏气20 d测定各处理叶片生理参数发现,在本底大气环境下,叶片气孔阻力和蒸腾速率与对照差异较小,熏气时O₃、CO₂浓度增加诱导叶片气孔关闭,气孔阻力明显增加,蒸腾速率显著降低.与对照相比,O₃浓度增加,大豆干物质积累、产量和收获指数明显降低,籽粒粗脂肪含量明显减少,粗蛋白含量显著增加;CO₂浓度增加,干物质积累和产量显著提高,收获指数无明显差异,籽粒粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量均明显减少;逐渐和持续增加O₃和CO₂浓度复合效应处理下,大豆干物质积累、产量和收获指数差异不明显,籽粒粗蛋白含量不同程度地减少,粗脂肪含量显著增加.

Responses of soybean to O3,CO2 and their combination

With cultivar "Zhonghuang 14" as test crop, this paper studied the effects of CO2 and/or O3 on the growth and development of soybean (Glycine max L.) in an open top chamber. The results showed that an increasing CO2 concentration could defer the leaf's O3 injury, and relax the injury degree. After treated with CO2 for 20 days, the stoma resistance and transpiration rate of soybean leaves had little difference with CK. Only when fumed with high concentration CO2 and O3, the stoma became closed, stoma resistance increased, and transpiration rate decreased obviously. Compared with ambient atmospheric CO2 and O3 (CK), doubled CO2 significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and grain yield, reduced the coarse fat and raw protein contents of grain, but the harvest index had no obvious difference; while doubled 03 decreased the dry matter accumulation, grain yield and harvest index of soybean, reduced the coarse fat content, but increased the raw protein content of grain. The interaction of doubled CO2 and O3 had no obvious effects on the dry matter accumulation, grain yield and harvest index of soybean, but reduced the grain raw protein content to a certain extent and increased the coarse fat content obviously.