Age‐specific infectious period shapes dynamics of pneumonia in bighorn sheep |
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Authors: | Raina K Plowright Kezia R Manlove Thomas E Besser David J Páez Kimberly R Andrews Patrick E Matthews Lisette P Waits Peter J Hudson E Frances Cassirer |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA;2. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA;3. Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA;4. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Enterprise, OR, USA;5. Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, 201, Life Sciences Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;6. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Lewiston, ID, USA |
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Abstract: | Superspreading, the phenomenon where a small proportion of individuals contribute disproportionately to new infections, has profound effects on disease dynamics. Superspreading can arise through variation in contacts, infectiousness or infectious periods. The latter has received little attention, yet it drives the dynamics of many diseases of critical public health, livestock health and conservation concern. Here, we present rare evidence of variation in infectious periods underlying a superspreading phenomenon in a free‐ranging wildlife system. We detected persistent infections of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, the primary causative agent of pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), in a small number of older individuals that were homozygous at an immunologically relevant genetic locus. Interactions among age‐structure, genetic composition and infectious periods may drive feedbacks in disease dynamics that determine the magnitude of population response to infection. Accordingly, variation in initial conditions may explain divergent population responses to infection that range from recovery to catastrophic decline and extirpation. |
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Keywords: | bighorn sheep disease dynamics feedback mechanism
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
pathogen persistence persistent carriage pneumonia supershedder superspreader wildlife health |
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