The Effect of Cholesterol in the Liposome Bilayer on the Stabilization of Incorporated Retinol

The effect of cholesterol in the liposome bilayer on the stability of incorporated retinol was studied. Retinol was incorporated into liposomes containing soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (CH) at various ratios, and the liposomes were prepared as multilamellar vesicles by the dehydration–rehydration method. Retinol readily incorporated into liposomes at a ratio of 0.01:1 (w/w) retinol:lipid, with over 94.52% being incorporated in all conditions studied. The incorporation efficiency of retinol increased slightly with increasing CH content in the liposome and with increasing pH of the hydration buffer. Average particle size increased as the CH content increased, and mean particle sizes at pH 5, 7, and 9 were 30.27, 89.53, and 41.42 µm, respectively. The time course of retinol degradation in aqueous solution in liposomes with various ratios of PC to CH was determined under a variety of pH conditions (pH 5, 7, and 9), and temperatures (4, 25, 37, and 50°C). The stability of incorporated retinol was enhanced by increasing the CH content. At pH 7.0 and 4°C, for example, 90.17% of the retinol in liposomes containing 50:50 (PC:CH) remained after 10 days of storage, whereas 51.46% remained at 100:0 (PC:CH). These results indicate that CH in liposomes greatly increases the incorporation efficiency of retinol and the stability of incorporated retinol.