Solution and crystal structure of the dihydrogen complex [Ru(H2)(H)(PMe2Ph)4]PF6, an active alkyne hydrogenation catalyst |
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Authors: | Alan J. Lough Robert H. Morris Leonarda Ricciuto Thomas Schleis |
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Affiliation: | Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., M5S 3H6, Canada |
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Abstract: | The complex [Ru(H2)(H)(PMe2Ph)4]PF6 (1) has been prepared by reaction of [Ru(H)(PMe2Ph)5] FP6 (2) in THF with 1 atm H2 and characterised by variable temperature 31P and 1H NMR. It undergoes four distinct fluxional processes listed in order of decreasing activation energy: (i) exchange of H2 in solution with the dihydrogen ligand above 273 K; (ii) isomerisation of cis and trans isomers of 1 above 230 K; (iii) exchange of H atoms between H2 and hydride in trans-1 above 180 K; (iv) rapid H2/hydride exchange in cis-1 to below 180 K. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of 1 at 173 K shows that the complex has the cis geometry in the solid state but does not clearly reveal the positions of the hydrogen ligands. Complex 1 starts out as a catalyst of high activity for the selective hydrogenation of 1-alkynes to 1-alkenes (RC≡CH; R=11Bu, Ph) but it is rapidly deactivated, possibly because of formation of the enynyl complex [Ru(η3RC3CHR)(PMe2Ph)4]+. Complex 1 efficiently catalyzes the hydrogenation of internal alkynes (3-hexyne, 2-pentyne) to internal cis-alkenes with little deactivation, although some isomerisation of the alkene produced is observed. These observations are consistent with those of Nkosi, Coville, Albers and Singleton who reported that complex 2 must dissociate one PMe2Ph ligand to produce the species active for alkyne hydrogenation. Complex 2 catalyses these hydrogenations with slower initial rates than complex 1 but deactivates less readily. In contrast to 1, complex 2 does not appear to cause the isomerisation of internal alkenes. |
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Keywords: | Crystal structures Alkyne hydrogenation Ruthenium complexes Dihydrogen complexes |
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