Volatile Terpenoids of Endophyte-free and Infected Peppermint (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mentha piperita</Emphasis> L.): Chemical Partitioning of a Symbiosis |
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Authors: | Marco Mucciarelli Wanda Camusso Massimo Maffei Paola Panicco Carlo Bicchi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;(2) Department of Plant Biology and Centre of Excellence—Cebiovem, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy;(3) Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy |
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Abstract: | The study reports the effects on volatiles of an endophytic fungus inhabiting asymptomatically the leaves of peppermint. By
means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) terpenoids were sampled
in time course from the head space of peppermint leaves and roots. After removal of the mycelium from peppermint tissues,
fungal volatiles were analyzed and compared with those of pure fungal cultures. In the presence of the endophyte, the relative
amount of all main compounds increased in leaves. Starting from the first 14 d of culture, (−)-menthone and (+)-neomenthol
were consistently higher than in control plants. On the contrary, (+)-menthofuran increased only by 28 d of culture. Root
volatiles were also dramatically altered by the presence of the fungus, with (+)-pulegone accounting for at least 44% of the
total volatile emission. (+)-Pulegone was also the main compound of PGP-HSF mycelium isolated from peppermint roots. The sesquiterpenoid
cuparene was found as a novel compound of peppermint leaf headspace and was a main volatile of ex planta and pure culture mycelia. The chemical spectrum of terpenoids and their distribution among peppermint roots, leaves, and
mycelia are likely to account for a fine regulation of the mutualism in planta and for the acquisition by the fungus of novel metabolic competences.
This work is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Silvano Scannerini. |
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