A Bond Graph Model of the Cardiovascular System |
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Authors: | V Le Rolle A I Hernandez P Y Richard J Buisson G Carrault |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratoire de Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Inserm U642, Université de Rennes 1 – Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex;(2) Supélec IETR, avenue de la Boulaie, B.P. 81127, 35511 Cesson-Sévigné cedex, France |
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Abstract: | The study of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function has shown to provide useful indicators for risk stratification and
early detection on a variety of cardiovascular pathologies. However, data gathered during different tests of the ANS are difficult
to analyse, mainly due to the complex mechanisms involved in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system (CVS).
Although model-based analysis of ANS data has been already proposed as a way to cope with this complexity, only a few models
coupling the main elements involved have been presented in the literature. In this paper, a new model of the CVS, representing
the ventricles, the circulatory system and the regulation of the CVS activity by the ANS, is presented. The models of the
vascular system and the ventricular activity have been developed using the Bond Graph formalism, as it proposes a unified
representation for all energetic domains, facilitating the integration of mechanic and hydraulic phenomena. In order to take
into account the electro-mechanical behaviour of both ventricles, an electrophysiologic model of the cardiac action potential,
represented by a set of ordinary differential equations, has been integrated. The short-term ANS regulation of heart rate,
cardiac contractility and peripheral vasoconstriction is represented by means of continuous transfer functions. These models,
represented in different continuous formalisms, are coupled by using a multi-formalism simulation library. Results are presented
for two different autonomic tests, namely the Tilt Test and the Valsalva Manoeuvre, by comparing real and simulated signals. |
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Keywords: | bond Graphs multi-formalism modelling cardiovascular system biomedical systems |
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