Parsimony analysis of the distribution pattern of Japanese primary freshwater fishes, and its application to the distribution of the bagrid catfishes |
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Authors: | Katsutoshi Watanabe |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Ichthyology, Tokyo University of Fisheries, 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Konan, 108-8477 Tokyo, Japan;(2) Present address: Department of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama, 917-0003 Fukui, Japan |
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Abstract: | The geographic distribution of Japanese primary and some secondary freshwater fishes was analyzed using parsimony analysis
of endemicity (PAE). Analysis of 73 taxa (species and intraspecific forms) on the four main islands of Japan (divided into
25 geographic areas), produced 44 most parsimonious cladograms. In all of the latter, a total of eight single and compound
areas were recognized as endemic areas in nested relationships. The area cladograms showed Japan as comprising a middle-eastern
Hokkaido area plus southern areas, the latter containing mainly a northeastern-Honshu endemic area and more heterogeneous
southwestern areas, including four endemic areas (western Kyushu, southeastern Chugoku, middle Kinki and Tokai around Ise
Bay) and several peripheral areas. Some patterns, e.g., the distinction in fauna across Fossa Magna, noted by previous studies,
were supported by these results. Even though the analysis had some problems (e.g., not all geographic ranges of taxa could
be included), it provided evidence for the detection of general distribution patterns, because the relationships or similarities
among areas were clearly defined by shared taxa. To demonstrate the historical implications of the analysis, the allopatric
distribution of, four bagrid catfishes was reconsidered in the area cladogram. The general pattern implied secondary extinction
ofPseudobagrus nudiceps around lse Bay, which was in keeping with the fossil record. |
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Keywords: | Biogeography parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) endemic area Japanese freshwater fishes Pseudobagrus |
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