Evolution of SINE S1 retroposons in Cruciferae plant species |
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Authors: | Lenoir A; Cournoyer B; Warwick S; Picard G; Deragon JM |
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Institution: | UMR 6547 CNRS, Universite Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand II, France. |
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Abstract: | The S1 element is a plant short interspersed element (SINE) that was first
described and studied in Brassica napus. In this work, we investigated the
distribution and the molecular phylogeny of the S1 element within the
Cruciferae (= Brassicaceae). S1 elements were found to be widely
distributed within the Cruciferae, especially in species of the tribe
Brassiceae. The molecular phylogeny of S1 elements in eight Cruciferae
species (Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Brassica nigra,
Sinapis, arvensis, Sinapis pubescens, Coincya monensis, and Vella spinosa)
was inferred using 14-36 elements per species. Significant neighbor-joining
and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic clusters, supported by high bootstrap P
values and/or represented in 100% of the most-parsimonious trees, were
observed for each species. Most of these clusters probably correspond to
recent species-specific bursts of S1 amplification. Since these species
diverged recently, S1 amplification in Cruciferae plants is proposed to be
a highly dynamic process that could contribute to genome rearrangements and
eventually lead to reproductive isolation. S1 sequence analysis also
revealed putative gene conversion events that occurred between different S1
elements of a given species. These events suggest that gene conversion is a
minor but significant component of the molecular drive governing S1
concerted evolution.
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