BMP-3 is a novel inhibitor of both activin and BMP-4 signaling in Xenopus embryos |
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Authors: | Gamer Laura W Nove John Levin Michael Rosen Vicki |
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Institution: | Department of Oral and Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. laura_gamer@hsdm.harvard.edu |
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Abstract: | In Xenopus, the biological effects of BMP-3 oppose those of ventralizing BMPs, but the mechanism for this antagonism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that BMP-3 is a dorso-anteriorizing factor in Xenopus embryos that interferes with both activin and BMP signaling. BMP-3 acts by binding to ActRIIB, the common type II receptor for these proteins. Once BMP-3 binds to ActRIIB, it cannot be competed off by excess ligand making a receptor complex that is unable to activate R-Smads and transduce signal. Consistent with a model where BMP-3 interferes with activin and BMPs through a shared receptor, we show that overexpression of BMP-3 can only be rescued by co-injection of xActRIIB. Our results identify BMP-3 as a novel antagonist of both activin and BMPs and uncover how some of the diverse developmental processes that are regulated by both activin and BMP signaling can be modulated during embryogenesis. |
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Keywords: | BMP-3 Activin BMP ActRIIB Antagonist Xenopus |
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