光温敏二系杂交小麦恢复系遗传多样性和群体结构分析

为揭示光温敏雄性不育小麦恢复系资源的遗传基础，选用49个Genomic-SSR和40个EST-SSR标记位点对100份冬性光温敏雄性不育小麦恢复系进行遗传多样性和群体结构分析.结果表明：89个位点共扩增出531个等位变异，平均每个位点5.96个; 平均基因多样性和多态性信息量（PIC）分别为0.63和0.57，说明本研究所选用的恢复系的遗传多样性比较丰富；利用NJ法聚类和Structure群体结构分析均将100份恢复系划分为6大类群，且聚类结果基本吻合，同时揭示出北方冬麦区和黄淮海冬麦区恢复系间存在较广泛的基因交流；群体结构分析阐明了各恢复系的遗传组成，推测58%的恢复系血缘相对比较单一，42%的恢复系拥有混合来源.研究结果为新恢复系的选育和现有恢复系的利用提供了理论依据，并为重要农艺性状数量性状位点的关联分析奠定了基础.

Genetic Diversity and Alterations of Population Structure in Restorers of Dual Cross-line Hybrid Wheat with Thermo-photoperiod Sensitive Male Sterile

To understand the genetic basis of the dual cross-line hybrid wheat restorers with thermo photoperiod sensitive male sterile, a total of 100 restorers based on 49 genomic-SSR and 40 EST-SSR loci were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and the population structure. 530 allelic variations were detected with an average allele number of 5.96. The average PIC (polymorphism information content) and gene diversity values were determined to be 0.57 and 0.63, respectively, indicating a relatively high degree of genetic diversity among the restorers. By NJ cluster and population structure (Bayesian clustering) analyses, the 100 restorers were clustered into 6 major groups with a wide range of gene flows among the restorers from northern China and from the Huang Huai valley winter wheat production regions. The population structure analyses based on mixed models revealed the genetic composition of the 100 restorers, in which 58 restorers shared a likely single ancestor, and the rest were from mixed ancestors. These results have provided valuable information for the mapping of important agronomic traits, as well as for the breeding and exploit of new wheat restorers.