野生与人工驯养长爪沙鼠群体遗传结构比较分析

目的探索野生与人工驯养的长爪沙鼠群体遗传状况。方法采用12个微卫星引物,对银川与呼和浩特地区捕获的野生长爪沙鼠群体和首都医科大学人工驯养20余年的长爪沙鼠群体的遗传结构进行比较分析。结果12个微卫星位点中有等位基因29个,3个群体的平均等位基因数分别为2.4167、2.2500、2.2500,平均有效等位基因数分别为1.7505、1.7195、1.6968;有11个微卫星位点呈现多态,多态位点百分率分别为91.67%、83.33%、83.33%,香隆指数分别为0.6239、0.5962、0.5591;平均观测杂合度分别为0.5231、0.5051、0.4825,平均期望杂合度分别为0.4008、0.3882、0.3655;银川和首医群体之间的遗传距离最大,为0.1033;呼和浩特和首医群体之间的距离最小,为0.0592。结论3个群体处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,3个群体之间及与总体之间的遗传结构差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。

Comparative Analysis of Population Genetic Structure for Wild and Domesticated Mongolian Gerbils

Objective To study the population genetic characteristics of wild and domesticated Mongolian Gerbils. Methods 3 populations came from Yinchuan （wild）, Huhehaote （wild） and Capital Medical University （domesticated for over 20 years） were investigated by 12 mierosatellite loci. Results There were 11 polymorphic markers among the 12 selected microsatellite markers, and the number of total alleles of these 12 microsatellite loci was 29. The average of allele number in each microsatellite locus of 3 populations was 2.4167, 2.2500, and 2.2500, respectively. The average valid allele number was 1.7505, 1.7195, and 1.6968, respectively. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 91.67%, 83.33%, and 83.33%, respectively. The Shannon＇s Information index was 0.6239, 0.5962, and 0.5591, respectively. The average observed heterozygosity of the 3 populations was 0.5231, 0.5051, and 0.4825, respectively, and the average expected heterozygosity was 0.4008, 0.3882, and 0.3655, respectively. Dendrogram demonstrated the Nei＇s genetic distance between the populations of Capital Medical University and Yinchuan was O. 1033 and the genetic distance between the populations of Capital Medical University and Huhehaote was 0.0592. Conclusion The studied 3 populations are in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state; and the results of statistical analysis show that there is no significant difference among the population genetic structures in the 3 populations （ P 〉 0 . 05 ）.