Carotenoid and retinoid metabolism: insights from isotope studies |
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Authors: | Burri Betty J Clifford Andrew J |
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Affiliation: | Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS/USDA, Davis, CA 95616, USA. |
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Abstract: | Use of isotopes as tracers has had an important role in elucidating key features of vitamin A and retinoid metabolism in animal models and humans. Their use has shown that beta-carotene absorption is variable, and that the appearance of beta-carotene and its metabolites in the blood by time since dosing follows characteristic patterns. Retinol formed from beta-carotene shows a different pattern, as does lutein. In this article, we summarize and discuss insights and some surprises into the absorption and metabolism of vitamin A, beta-carotene, and lutein that were gained with the use of isotope tracers in humans, rats, and cells as models. |
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Keywords: | Carotenoid Isotope Human Rat β-Carotene Vitamin A Lutein |
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