PI3K signaling in the regulation of branching morphogenesis |
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Authors: | Zhu Wenting Nelson Celeste M |
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Affiliation: | Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. |
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Abstract: | Branching morphogenesis drives the formation of epithelial organs including the mammary gland, lung, kidney, salivary gland and prostate. Branching at the cellular level also drives development of the nervous and vascular systems. A variety of signaling pathways are orchestrated together to establish the pattern of these branched organs. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling network is of particular interest because of the diverse outcomes it generates, including proliferation, motility, growth, survival and cell death. Here, we focus on the role of the PI3K pathway in the development of branched tissues. Cultured cells, explants and transgenic mice have revealed that the PI3K pathway is critical for the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and motility during branching of tissues. |
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Keywords: | BAD, Bcl-2-associated death promoter ECM, extracellular matrix EGF, epidermal growth factor FGF, fibroblast growth factor GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor HGF, hepatocyte growth factor MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase MM, metanephric mesenchyme MMP, matrix metalloproteinase MMTV, mouse mammary tumor virus mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin NRG1, neuregulin-1 PAK, p21-activated kinase PDK1, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 PH, pleckstrin homology PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PIKE, phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer PIP2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate PIP3, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate PKB, protein kinase B PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase SMG, submandibular gland SP, surfactant protein TEB, terminal end bud TGF, transforming growth factor UB, ureteric bud UGS, urogenital sinus UPS, ubiquitin proteasome system VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor WD, Wolffian duct |
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