Variation of cooling rate and concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide on rabbit kidney function |
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| Authors: | Frank M Guttman Gail Milhomme Laurie Gibbons Thomas A Seemayer |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China;2. Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China;3. Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China;4. Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;5. Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;6. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;2. Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;3. Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore;4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;5. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;6. Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA |
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| Abstract: | Rabbit kidney function was assessed in vitro after cryoprotection with either 3 or 4 M dimethyl sulfoxide. The introduction and removal of the cryoprotectant was carried out in a stepwise progressive manner and the removal in a stepwise progressive manner with hypertonic mannitol solutions. This in vitro model can be shown to respond to various ischemic-like states resulting in poor or absent function. Active tubular transport can be demonstrated. It has been used by many authors as an intermediate step prior to the ultimate test of reimplant and contralateral nephrectomy. Variations in the rate of cooling at cryoprotection levels of 3 and 4 M dimethyl sulfoxide concentration (Me2SO) were carried out. In general, at 3 M concentration of Me2SO, creatinine clearance, sodium and glucose reabsorption are preserved with a fair degree of success after cooling to -10, -15, and -20 degrees C in our model, when the rate of cooling to these levels is 1.0 degree C/min. When a cooling rate of 0.5 degree C/min is used, renal function is significantly reduced whether the final temperature is -10, -15, or -20 degrees C. Control rabbit kidneys will tolerate 4 M concentration of Me2SO and give fairly good function. When cooled to -15 or -20 degrees C, there is poor function at 0.1 and 0.5 degrees C/min. Fair function is obtained at the rate of 1 degree C/min to -10 degrees C. Therefore, at cryoprotectant levels of 3 and 4 M Me2SO, kidney function as assayed by in vitro perfusion, is better when the cooling rate is 1.0 degree C/min. |
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