不同海拔地区种植的水稻地上部干物质的生产和分配

根据1983—1985年“高原水稻高产栽培的生理生态规律研究”中低热的元江(海拔400米左右)、温凉的昆明(约1900米)和冷凉的丽江(约2400米)的资料,以六个处理、十八个小区、三年总平均值,比较了不同海拔地区种植的水稻中地上部干物质生产和分配的总趋势。主要结果如下: 1.全生育期总的干物质生产量以温凉地区最高,低热地区居中,冷凉地区最低。 2.抽穗前干物质生产速率和齐穗期干物重占黄熟期干物重的比例随海拔降低而增加;抽穗期至黄熟期干物质生产速率,以温凉地区最高,低热地区居中,冷凉地区最低,但低热地区低于前期,高海拔地区高于前期,不过冷凉的丽江增加的更多。 3.抽穗前(旗叶完全展开后)叶干重占当时植株总干重的比例,随海拔升高而降低。 4.抽穗期至黄熟期的次库(茎 叶鞘)干重的改变,不同海拔地区种植的水稻表现不同:低热地区减重,温凉地区稍增,冷凉地区明显增加。 5.与高海拔地区种植的水稻相比,在黄熟期低海拔地区的有较高的穗重/总重和穗增重/总增重的比例。另外低海拔地区的穗增重超过总增重。结实率和谷/草比例均随海拔增高而减低。

DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION AND PARTITIONING IN THE AERIAL PART OF RICE GROWN AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDE LOCALITIES

In this paper we used data of "the study of physiological-ecological rules on high-yielding culture of rice in the plateau", of which are obtained from the field plot experiments of rice grown at Yuanjiang (dry-heat river valley about 400 rn altitude), Kunming (warm-cool plateau lake-shore about 1900 m altitude), Lijiang (cold-cool plateau area about 2400 m altitude), Yunnan, respectively, from 1983 to 1985. The total tendency of dry-matter production and partitioning in the aerial part of rice grown at different altitude localities was compared, based on the total mean value of six treatments in eighteen plots for three years, The main results are as follows; 1. With regard 1o total, dry-matter production in the whole growth period duration, the warm-cool area is the highest, the dry-heat area is mediately, and the cold-cool area is the lowest.2. Both the dry-matter production rate before heading and the proportion of dry-matter weight at full heading time making up dry-matter weight at the stage of yellow ripeness increase as decreasing altitude. In the dry-matter production rate from the heading stage to the stage of yellow ripeness, Ihc warm-cool area is the highest, the dry-heat area is mediately, and the cold-cool area is the lowest, however, the dry-heat area is lower than that before heading stage, on the contrary, the high-altitude area is higher than that before heading stage, and what is more, in the cold-cool Lijiang area an increase in dry matter is still more.3. Before heading stage the proportion of the. leaf (after flag leaf full expanded) dry weight making up the then total dry weight of plant decreases with the increasing altitude.4. In rice grown at different altitude localities from the heading stage to the stage of yellow ripeness, the dry weight of secondary sink (stem and leal sheath) exhibited the differences: the dry-heat area decreases, the warm-cool area slightly increases, and the cold-cool area obviously increases.5. As compared with rice grown at high-altitude localities, at the stage of yellow ripeness the low-altitude area has a higher ear weight/total weight and ear weight increase/total weight increase ratio. In addition, at the low-altitude area the ear weight increase of rice is over and above the total weight increase. Roth the seed setting percentage and grain /straw ratio decrease as increasing altitude.