机械应力对巨噬细胞的功能调节作用及机制

巨噬细胞作为先天免疫系统识别外界环境刺激的先锋，能够响应环境细微变化对自身功能实现适应性调节，在维持体内稳态和抵抗感染方面起关键作用。生理或病理组织微环境存在多种机械应力刺激，对巨噬细胞的免疫功能具有重要影响。本文围绕机械应力对巨噬细胞的功能调节，从影响细胞行为和极化的角度综述，总结巨噬细胞机械应力感知及转导的分子机制，展望巨噬细胞力学生物学研究在组织工程、再生医学以及肿瘤免疫治疗领域的应用前景，为深入理解巨噬细胞功能可塑性提供有力支持。

Regulation and Mechanism of Macrophage Function by Mechanical Force

As the vanguard of the innate immune system to recognize external environmental stimuli, macrophages can respond to subtle changes in the environment and achieve adaptive regulation of their own functions, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and resisting infection. Various mechanical stress stimuli including endogenous stress mediated by mechanical characteristics of extracellular matrix, and exogenous stress such as solid/liquid pressure, tension and fluid shear stress, exist in the physiological or pathological tissue microenvironment, which have important effects on the immune function of macrophages. The understanding of macrophage mechanobiology will contribute to the development of new immunotherapies targeting macrophages. This review focuses on the functional regulation of macrophages by mechanical stress, summarizes the research progress from the perspective of influencing cell adhesion, migration, phagocytosis and polarization, and summarizes the molecular mechanisms of macrophage mechanical sensing and transduction from the outside to the inside in three levels: cell membrane mechanical sensors, force signal transduction of cytoskeleton system, and YAP/TAZ-mediated gene expression regulation response to mechanical stress. In addition, the application prospects and future vision of macrophage mechanobiology research in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and tumor immunotherapy are discussed, providing strong support for a deeper understanding of the plasticity of macrophage function.