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Differential retrotranslocation of mitochondrial Bax and Bak |
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| Authors: | Franziska Todt Zeynep Cakir Frank Reichenbach Frederic Emschermann Joachim Lauterwasser Andrea Kaiser Gabriel Ichim Stephen WG Tait Stephan Frank Harald F Langer Frank Edlich |
| Affiliation: | 1. Section for Cardioimmunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;3. Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;4. Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;5. Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK;6. Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Basel University Hospitals, Basel, Switzerland;7. Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, SGBM, Freiburg, Germany;8. BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany |
| Abstract: | The Bcl-2 proteins Bax and Bak can permeabilize the outer mitochondrial membrane and commit cells to apoptosis. Pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins control Bax by constant retrotranslocation into the cytosol of healthy cells. The stabilization of cytosolic Bax raises the question whether the functionally redundant but largely mitochondrial Bak shares this level of regulation. Here we report that Bak is retrotranslocated from the mitochondria by pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Bak is present in the cytosol of human cells and tissues, but low shuttling rates cause predominant mitochondrial Bak localization. Interchanging the membrane anchors of Bax and Bak reverses their subcellular localization compared to the wild-type proteins. Strikingly, the reduction of Bax shuttling to the level of Bak retrotranslocation results in full Bax toxicity even in absence of apoptosis induction. Thus, fast Bax retrotranslocation is required to protect cells from commitment to programmed death. |
| Keywords: | apoptosis Bcl-2 proteins membrane association tail anchor |